今回の投稿では、蒔絵の研ぎの工程で使う研ぎ道具について詳しくまとめていきます。
In this post, I will summarize in detail the sharpening tools used in the process of sharpening lacquer work.
漆芸以外のモノづくりでも、研ぎの工程で共通して使用されるものかとも思います。研ぎの道具に関しては、漆屋さんに限らず、ホームセンターなどでも購入できますので新しい方法や道具のヒントになりますと幸いです。
I think that it is commonly used in the sharpening process even in manufacturing other than lacquer art. As for sharpening tools, you can purchase them not only at lacquer shops but also at home centers, so I hope it will be a hint for new methods and tools.
漆芸の研ぎに使われる道具 Tools used for sharpening lacquer art
道具の工業面での進歩により様々な研ぎの道具があります。
There are various sharpening tools due to the industrial progress of tools.
- ペーパー Paper
- 石 Stone
- 炭 Charcoal
大きく分けて3つの素材で研ぎができるかと思います。研ぎペーパーと砥石に関しては、人工的に各メーカーで製造されていて、漆屋さん以外でも買えます。研ぎの番手が合えば基本的には、作品の形や研ぎ面の広さなどに対応して使い分けられるかと思います。
I think that it can be roughly divided into three materials for sharpening. Sharpening paper and whetstones are artificially manufactured by each manufacturer and can be purchased by anyone other than the lacquer shop. Basically, if the sharpening count matches, I think that it can be used properly according to the shape of the work and the size of the sharpened surface.
最近は、漆芸向けにセラミック砥石も出てきており、研ぎ道具も進化しています。
研ぎ炭に関しては、暖房用に使う炭と違うものなので、漆屋さんでご購入されることをお勧めします。
Recently, ceramic whetstones for lacquer art have also appeared, and sharpening tools are also evolving.
As for sharpening charcoal, it is different from the charcoal used for heating, so it is recommended to purchase it at a lacquer shop.
(Reference past posts: List of lacquer shop links)
研ぎペーパー Sharpening paper
漆屋さんで購入できるものをまとめていきます。
I will summarize what you can buy at the lacquer shop.
研ぎペーパー一覧表 Sharpening paper list
研ぎ段階 Sharpening stage | 番手 Number | NEXT(Kovax) | 日研 Nikken | FUJI STAR (Sankyo 三共理化学) | Kovax Tolecut |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
下地 Groundwork | #60 | ● | |||
↓ | #80 | ● | ● | ||
#100 | ● | ● | ● | ||
#120 | ● | ● | ● | ||
#150 | ● | ● | ● | ||
#180 | ● | ● | ● | ||
#220 | ● | ● | ● | ||
#240 | ● | ● | ● | ||
#280 | ● | ● | ● | ||
#320 | ● | ● | ● | ||
#360 | ● | ● | |||
#400 | ● | ● | ● | ||
#500 | ● | ● | ● | ||
#600 | ● | ● | ● | ||
#700 | ● | ||||
中塗り Intermediate coating | #800 | ● | ● | ● | ● |
上塗り Topcoat | #1000 | ● | ● | ● | |
↓ | #1200 | ● | ● | ● | ● |
#1500 | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
#2000 | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
#2500 | ● | ● | |||
#3000 | ● | ● |
ペーパーを使う場合は、自分の指の力加減によりムラに研いでしまいやすいので、当て木などをして均等な力で研げるようにしたりします。
大きな差はほぼ無いですが、メーカーが違うことで多少は研げる具合や力加減も変わってきます。
When using paper, it is easy to sharpen unevenly by adjusting the force of your fingers, so I try to sharpen it with a square tree etc. with even force.
There is almost no big difference, but the degree of sharpening and the amount of force will change depending on the manufacturer.
また、細かな部分などは研ぎペーパーを必要な分だけ切り使えるので、便利です。
また砥石や研ぎ炭の形を整えるのにも、使えます。
In addition, it is convenient because you can cut the sharpening paper as much as you need for small parts.
It can also be used to shape the grindstone and sharpening charcoal.
砥石 Whetstone
昔は、上野(こうずけ)砥石や青砥という自然砥石もあったようですが、今は自然砥石の量が少なくなってしまったため、人工砥石が一般的になっています。
In the past, it seems that there were natural whetstones such as Kouzuke whetstone and Aoto whetstone, but now that the amount of natural whetstone has decreased, artificial whetstones are becoming more common.
自然砥石は採掘量も減り、今では入手困難となっているそうです。
こちらも様々なメーカーでそれぞれの番手で色々作られています。
The amount of natural whetstones mined has decreased, and it is now difficult to obtain them.
This is also made by various manufacturers with each count.
砥石一覧表 Whetstone list
研ぎ段階 Sharpening stage | 番手 Number | 三和 Sanwa | クリスタル crystal | 小次郎 Kojiro | セラミック スティック ceramic stick | サンタイガー Suntiger | エースケント Acekent | キング King | 淺吉砥石 Asakichi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
下地 Groundwork | #180 | ● | ● | ||||||
↓ | #240 | ● | ●(#250/#280) | ||||||
↓ | #320 | ● | ●(#360) | ||||||
↓ | #400 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||
↓ | #500 | ● | ● | ||||||
↓ | #600 | ● | ● | ||||||
#700 | ● | ● | |||||||
中塗り Intermediate coating | #800 | ● | ● | ● | |||||
上塗り Topcoat | #1000 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||
↓ | #1200 | ● | ● | ● | |||||
↓ | #1500 | ● | ● | ||||||
↓ | #2000 | ● | ● | ||||||
↓ 仕上 Finish | #3000 | ● | ● | ||||||
#4000 | ● |
蒔絵の工程で使う番手は大体#800以上からです。漆の塗り面も蒔絵の研ぎ面も、荒い番手から段階的に細かい番手へと移行して研ぎます。
ペーパー同様、各メーカーで出ているものは、同じ番手のものでもメーカーにより違いますので、ご自身の手や感覚にあったものをお使いになるのが一番かと思います。
The count used in the lacquer work process is about # 800 or higher. Both the painted surface of lacquer and the sharpened surface of Maki-e are sharpened by gradually shifting from a rough count to a fine count.
As with paper, the ones produced by each manufacturer differ depending on the manufacturer even if they have the same count, so I think it is best to use the one that suits your own hands and feelings.
研ぎ炭 Sharpening charcoal
漆芸で昔から長く使われてきた「研ぎ炭」は、今でも入手できます。
“Sharpening charcoal”, which has been used for a long time in lacquer art, is still available.
私個人的には、上記の砥石も用途によっては使いますがそんなに頻繁には使いません。
研ぎは「研ぎ炭」を主に使っています。
Personally, I also use the above whetstones for some purposes, but I don’t use them very often.
Sharpening mainly uses “sharpening charcoal”.
参考文献などでは、大きく4種類となっていますが、実際に漆屋さんで販売されているものは、3種類かと思います。
In the references etc., there are roughly 4 types, but I think that there are 3 types actually sold at the lacquer shop.
炭の名称 (種類) Name of charcoal (kinds) | 素材 material | 使用用途 Usage | 研ぎ段階目安 Sharpening stage guide | 番手 Number | 硬さレベル Hardness level |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
朴炭 Park charcoal | 朴(ほう) Park tree | 塗り肌の凹凸面を平らにする Flatten the uneven surface of the painted skin | 下研ぎ Medium sharpening from the groundwork | #600-#800 | ★★★ |
駿河炭(静岡炭) Suruga (Shizuoka) charcoal | 油桐 Oil paulownia | 細かく研ぐ、多少の凹凸をなくす Finely sharpen to eliminate some unevenness | 中塗り研ぎ 上塗り研ぎ 呂色仕上げの下研ぎ Middle coat sharpening Topcoat sharpening Finishing under-sharpening | #800 | ★★ |
呂色炭 Roiro charcoal | 百日紅(さるすべり) 松楊(しょうよう) Crape myrtle Shoyo | 細かく研ぐ Sharpen finely | 駿河炭で研いだ後の仕上げ研ぎ Finish sharpening after sharpening with Suruga charcoal | #1000-#2000 | ★ |
参考文献では、椿炭という、椿の炭は蒔絵の金粉を研ぐ用のものがあったようですが、現在はどの漆屋さんでも販売されていません。
また、朴炭は金属表面を研ぐ研磨剤として古くから使用されていたようです。
In the reference, it seems that there was camellia charcoal, which is used to sharpen the gold powder of lacquer work, but it is not sold at any lacquer shop now.
In addition, Park charcoal seems to have been used for a long time as an abrasive for sharpening metal surfaces.
呂色炭は、百日紅、松楊の他に、エゴノキ、チシャなどの肌理の細かい樹木の種類を焼いて作られます。
上記の炭は、暖房用の炭と違い、蒸し焼きにした木炭です。
Roiro charcoal is made by baking fine-textured tree types such as Styrax japonicum and Chisya, in addition to crape myrtle and pine yang.
The above charcoal is steamed charcoal, unlike the charcoal for heating.
またこの研ぎ炭を砕いて粉にしたものが「炭粉」として、蒔絵の高上げや研磨剤としても使用されます。複雑な彫り物や曲面のあるものは、炭粉と水を付けて摩擦することによって表面を平均的に研ぐことができます。
In addition, this sharpened charcoal is crushed into powder, which is used as “charcoal powder” to raise lacquer work “Taka-Makie” and as an abrasive. For complex carvings and curved surfaces, the surface can be sharpened evenly by rubbing with charcoal powder and water.
研ぎ道具の使い方と難易度 How to use sharpening tools and difficulty
研ぎの難易度は人によって違いますが、私の思う難易度は以下の通りです。
The difficulty level of sharpening varies from person to person, but the difficulty level I think is as follows.
難易度(低★→高★★★) Difficulty (low ★ → high ★★★) | 研ぎ道具 Sharpening tool |
★ | 砥石 Whetstone |
★★ | 研ぎペーパー Sharpening paper |
★★★ | 研ぎ炭 Sharpening charcoal |
★砥石(人工砥石)は、学校で初めてやった時に教えていただいたものです。作品自体に合わせた形の砥石を作ってから、研いでいました。人工砥石は、既に番手で大体均一に揃えてあるので番手さえ持ち替えれば、自分で砥石の硬さなどをそこまで注力する必要がないです。
★ The whetstone (artificial whetstone) was taught when I first did it at school. After making a whetstone with a shape that matches the work itself, I sharpened it. Artificial whetstones are already roughly uniform in count, so if you change the count, you do not have to focus on the hardness of the whetstone yourself.
★★研ぎペーパーは、前述の通り人の手による力加減に非常に左右されます。特に指先にぐっと力が入り過ぎていると研ぎムラができやすいですし、意図しないところまで研げてしまうリスクが高いです。曲面のものを研ぐ場合など様々な使い方ができますが、注意が必要です。
適切な大きさに切って使うことと、水に浸けて柔らかい状態にして使うなど工夫も必要です。
★★ As mentioned above, sharpening paper is very dependent on the amount of force applied by human hands. In particular, if you put too much force on your fingertips, uneven sharpening is likely to occur, and there is a high risk of sharpening to an unintended location. It can be used in various ways, such as when sharpening curved surfaces, but care must be taken.
It is also necessary to cut it into an appropriate size and use it in a soft state by immersing it in water.
★★★研ぎ炭は、自然のものなので、自分の感覚や研いだ感触で炭の硬さを把握します。研ぎの用途によって、研ぎの段階であえて硬いものも使いますし、柔らかいものも使います。基本的には、木目が当たるようにして、木目の向きも気にします。研ぎ炭に漆か炭の粉が絡むので、随時確認して研ぎ面をきれいに整えたりする必要もあります。また、研ぎ炭で一度 深い傷を付けてしまうとどんなに研ぎ直しても傷が消えないことがあるので、研ぎの力加減や研ぎ炭の選定には細心の注意を払います。
★★★ Since sharpened charcoal is a natural product, it is necessary to grasp the hardness of the charcoal with your own sense and sharpened feel. Depending on the purpose of sharpening, hard or soft ones are used at the sharpening stage. Basically, make sure that the wood grain hits, and also care about the direction of the wood grain. Since lacquer or charcoal powder is entangled with the sharpening charcoal, it is necessary to check it from time to time to clean the sharpened surface. Also, once a deep scratch is made with sharpening charcoal, the scratch may not disappear no matter how much you sharpen it again, so pay close attention to the strength of sharpening and the selection of sharpening charcoal.
砥石、研ぎペーパー、研ぎ炭と一通り試して、金粉や塗り面を一番きれいに仕上げられるのはやはり基本は研ぎ炭だなと個人的には思っています。私は、朴炭は登場機会は少なく、駿河炭と呂色炭を基本として使っています。それでも、研ぎ炭の扱いには苦労して、何度も研ぎ破りましたし、今はやっと成功率も上がりましたが、失敗も相当しました。感覚をつかむまでにはある程度の量も必要です。
I personally think that it is basically the sharpening charcoal that can finish the gold powder and the coated surface most beautifully by trying all the grindstones, sharpening paper, and sharpening charcoal. I rarely use Park charcoal, and I use Suruga charcoal and Roiro charcoal as a basis. Even so, I had a hard time handling the charcoal, and I sharpened it too many times, and now the success rate has finally increased, but the failure was also considerable. It takes a certain amount to get a sense.
研ぎ炭が一番いいというのは、あくまでも個人的意見です。しかし、これだけ人工砥石が製造されてもやはり自然の研ぎ炭が未だに残っていて需要があるということは、「研ぎ炭の良さ」があるからと言っても過言ではありません。
It is my personal opinion that polishing charcoal is the best. However, it is no exaggeration to say that there is “goodness of sharpening charcoal” that there is still a demand for natural sharpening charcoal even if such artificial whetstones are manufactured.
道具の良し悪しの答えは、ご自分自身にあるものですので様々なやり方を試されてみることをオススメします。「弘法筆を選ばず」と言いますが、やはり道具は非常に大事だと思います。使う道具との相性によってかかる時間や手間など大きく左右されます。漆芸は工程ごとに難しいので、本当に自分との戦いで、長い工程の中でめげそうになることも多くあります。道具が良ければ、作業も捗り前向きに進められます。漆に携わる方の良い道具に出会う手助けになりますと幸いです。
The answer to the good or bad of the tool is your own, so we recommend that you try various methods. The saying goes, “A poor workman blames his tools.” ,but I think tools are very important. The time and effort required depends greatly on the compatibility with the tools used. Since lacquer art is difficult for each process, it is often the case that you really want to quit in a long process because you are really fighting against yourself. If the tools are good, the work will be quick and positive. I hope it will help you to find good tools for those who are involved in lacquer.
参考文献 References
- 日本漆工協会『六角大壌・人と仕事(図解・解説に夜蒔絵の技法・図案遺稿集等)』,1986
- 小松大秀/加藤寛『漆芸品の鑑賞基礎知識』.至文堂,1997